How does stuttering develop?

The origin of stuttering is multifactorial, including both nature and nurture. Research has demonstrated 30-60% of individuals who stutter also have family members who stutter. Contrastively, only less than 10% of fluent speakers have family members who stutter (Ambrose et al., 1993; Yairi & Ambrose, 2005). Research also shows that a child’s upbringing, including the speaking pace of the parents, the lifestyle pace of the household, as well as frequency of interruptions, has an immense impact on a child’s fluency. Specifically, when a parent talks to the child quickly, the child may unconsciously try to match their speech, realize their cognitive and motor skills are not fit for such a pace, and develop a habit of stuttering. It may be the same case with children with a busy schedule including after-school commitments, as they may be feeling as if they’re having to catch up. Further, when a child is frequently interrupted in the household--possibly due to several siblings wanting a speaking turn-- the pressure to speak quickly may once again develop a habit of stuttering. Overall, the cause of stuttering can be both genetics and environment.